{"id":6201,"date":"2024-04-18T03:19:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-18T03:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/?p=6201"},"modified":"2024-04-18T03:19:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T03:19:00","slug":"the-immunomodulatory-and-anti-inflammatory-role-of-polyphenols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/2024\/04\/18\/the-immunomodulatory-and-anti-inflammatory-role-of-polyphenols\/","title":{"rendered":"The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><!--more--><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><div class=\"ead-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjobelyn.com.ng%2Fng%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F10%2FThe-Immunomodulatory_and_AntiInflammatory_Role_of_Polyphenols.pdf&amp;embedded=true&amp;hl=en\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 50%;border: none;min-height: 500px;visibility: hidden;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-loading\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:10;\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-main\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/loading.svg\" width=\"55\" height=\"55\" alt=\"Loader\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Loading...<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/EAD-logo.svg\" alt=\"EAD Logo\" width=\"36\" height=\"23\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Taking too long?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-btn ead-reload-btn\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/reload.svg\" alt=\"Reload\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Reload document\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>|<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/The-Immunomodulatory_and_AntiInflammatory_Role_of_Polyphenols.pdf\" class=\"ead-document-btn\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/open.svg\" alt=\"Open\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Open in new tab\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><div class=\"ead-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjobelyn.com.ng%2Fng%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F10%2Fimmunomodulatory-effects-of-dietary-polyphenols-2-1.pdf&amp;embedded=true&amp;hl=en\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 50%;border: none;min-height: 500px;visibility: hidden;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-loading\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:10;\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-main\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/loading.svg\" width=\"55\" height=\"55\" alt=\"Loader\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Loading...<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/EAD-logo.svg\" alt=\"EAD Logo\" width=\"36\" height=\"23\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Taking too long?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-btn ead-reload-btn\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/reload.svg\" alt=\"Reload\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Reload document\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>|<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/immunomodulatory-effects-of-dietary-polyphenols-2-1.pdf\" class=\"ead-document-btn\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/open.svg\" alt=\"Open\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Open in new tab\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;padding-top: 90%;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/view.officeapps.live.com\/op\/embed.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fjobelyn.com.ng%2Fng%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F10%2FJ-JA-JE-JE5-P8-P9-CHARTS-JUNE-12-2020.pptx\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 100%;border: none;position: absolute;left: 0;top: 0;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/11\/1618\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/11\/1618\/htm<\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<h1 class=\"title hypothesis_container\">The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols<\/h1>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hypothesis_container\">\n<div class=\"art-affiliations\">\n<div class=\"affiliation\">\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-name \">Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation\">\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-name \">School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation\">\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>*<\/sup><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-name \">Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bib-identity\"><em>Nutrients<\/em>\u00a0<b>2018<\/b>,\u00a0<em>10<\/em>(11), 1618;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10111618\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10111618<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"pubhistory\">Received: 30 September 2018 \/ Revised: 17 October 2018 \/ Accepted: 23 October 2018 \/ Published: 2 November 2018<\/div>\n<div class=\"belongsTo\">(This article belongs to the Special Issue\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/nutrients\/special_issues\/diet-immune\">Diet and Immune Function<\/a>)<\/div>\n<div class=\"highlight-box1\">\n<div class=\"download\">\n<p><a class=\"button button--color-inversed margin-bottom-10 UD_ArticlePDF\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/11\/1618\/pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"js-browse-figures\"><a class=\"button button--color-inversed margin-bottom-10 openpopupgallery UI_BrowseArticleFigures\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/11\/1618\/htm#\" data-target=\"article-popup\">Browse Figures<\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"article-popup\" class=\"popupgallery\"><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button--color-inversed\" data-dropdown=\"drop-supplementary-180010\" aria-controls=\"drop-supplementary-180010\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Citation Export<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"html-abstract-title\">\n<p><a name=\"abstractc\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"art-abstract in-tab hypothesis_container\">This review offers a systematic understanding about how polyphenols target multiple inflammatory components and lead to anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It provides a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds. Polyphenols regulate immunity by interfering with immune cell regulation, proinflammatory cytokines\u2019 synthesis, and gene expression. They inactivate NF-\u03baB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and modulate mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPk) and arachidonic acids pathways. Polyphenolic compounds inhibit phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/AkT), inhibitor of kappa kinase\/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (IKK\/JNK), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which is a protein complex that controls protein synthesis, and JAK\/STAT. They can suppress toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory genes\u2019 expression. Their antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids contribute as well to their anti-inflammation properties. They inhibit certain enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species ROS production like xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase (NOX) while they upregulate other endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Px). Furthermore, they inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) leading to a reduction in the production of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) and inflammation antagonism. The effects of these biologically active compounds on the immune system are associated with extended health benefits for different chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies of plant extracts and compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegeneration, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"art-keywords in-tab hypothesis_container\"><em>Keywords:\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=polyphenols\">polyphenols<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=immune%20system\">immune system<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=inflammation\">inflammation<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=molecular%20mechanisms\">molecular mechanisms<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=nuclear%20factor%20kappa-light-chain-enhancer%20of%20activated%20B%20cells%20%28NF-%CE%BAB%29\">nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=arachidonic%20acid\">arachidonic acid<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=mitogen-activated%20protein%20Kinase%20%28MAPK%29\">mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPK)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=cytokines\">cytokines<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=oxidative%20stress\">oxidative stress<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=reactive%20oxygen%20species%20%28ROS%29\">reactive oxygen species (ROS)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=cyclooxygenase%20%28COX%29\">cyclooxygenase (COX)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=nitric%20oxide%20synthase%20%28NOS%29\">nitric oxide synthase (NOS)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=lipoxygenase%20%28LOX%29\">lipoxygenase (LOX)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=superoxide%20dismutase%20%28SOD%29\">superoxide dismutase (SOD)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=inhibitor%20of%20kappa%20kinase%20%28IKK%29\">inhibitor of kappa kinase (IKK)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=extra-cellular%20signal%20regulated%20kinases%20%28ERK%29\">extra-cellular signal regulated kinases (ERK)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=cancer\">cancer<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=anti-inflammation\">anti-inflammation<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=anti-tumorigenic\">anti-tumorigenic<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=chronic%20inflammatory%20conditions\">chronic inflammatory conditions<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=macrophages\">macrophages<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=T%20helper%201%20%28Th1%29\">T helper 1 (Th1)<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=Th17\">Th17<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=Treg\">Treg<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"title hypothesis_container\">Sorghum Phenolic Compounds Are Associated with Cell Growth Inhibition through Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatocarcinoma and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/10\/5\/993\/htm\">Foods | Free Full-Text | Sorghum Phenolic Compounds Are Associated with Cell Growth Inhibition through Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatocarcinoma and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells | HTML (mdpi.com)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/11\/1618\/pdf\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/11\/1618\/pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active\">\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content \">\n<div class=\"art-abstract in-tab hypothesis_container\">Phenolic compounds in some specialty sorghums have been associated with cancer prevention. However, direct evidence and the underlying mechanisms for this are mostly unknown. In this study, phenolics were extracted from 13 selected sorghum accessions with black pericarp while F10000 hybrid with white pericarp was used as a control, and cell growth inhibition was studied in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. Total phenolic contents of the 13 high phenolic grains, as determined by Folin\u2013Ciocalteu, were 30\u201364 mg GAE\/g DW in the phenolic extracts of various accessions compared with the control F10000 at 2 mg GAE\/g DW. Treatment of HepG2 with the extracted phenolics at 0\u2013200 \u03bcM GAE up to 72 h resulted in a dose- and time-dependent reduction in cell numbers. The values of IC<sub>50<\/sub>\u00a0varied from 85 to 221 mg DW\/mL while the control of F10000 was 1275 mg DW\/mL. The underlying mechanisms were further examined using the highest phenolic content of PI329694 and the lowest IC<sub>50<\/sub>\u00a0of PI570481, resulting in a non-cytotoxic decrease in cell number that was significantly correlated with increased cell cycle arrest at G2\/M and apoptotic cells in both HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. Taken together, these results indicated, for the first time, that inhibition of either HepG2 or Caco-2 cell growth by phenolic extracts from 13 selected sorghum accessions was due to cytostatic and apoptotic but not cytotoxic mechanisms, suggesting some specialty sorghums are a valuable, functional food, providing sustainable phenolics for potential cancer prevention.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Loading... Taking too long? Reload document | Open in new tab Loading... Taking too long? Reload document | Open in new tab https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/11\/1618\/htm The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols 1 Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada 2 School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University&hellip;","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/93"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6201"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7974,"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201\/revisions\/7974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jobelyn.com.ng\/ng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}